Plasmonic Metal–Phenolic Network Nanoprobes for Multiplex Dual-Mode Immunophenotyping

Abstract

Accurate multiplexed immunophenotyping is essential for understanding cellular heterogeneity. Dual-mode detection strategies, such as surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS)–fluorescence, offer synergistic advantages and cross-validation to reduce false positives. We present a method for fabricating dual-mode nanoprobes using metal–phenolic networks (MPNs) as functional coatings on hollow plasmonic nanocapsules. Unlike conventional silica shells, MPNs enable the one-step conjugation of biorecognition elements via metal–phenolic coordination, integrating distinct Raman reporters and fluorescently labeled antibodies within a single probe. These plasmonic MPN nanoprobes achieved multiplex dete..